Grave Breaches and Contemporary Crimes

Delivered a three-hour session on Grave Breaches and Contemporary Crimes, in a Certificate course on International Humanitarian Law, examining the legal foundations, historical evolution, and contemporary relevance of the grave breaches regime under international humanitarian law. The session explored key challenges in accountability and enforcement through two significant case studies: the abuses at Abu Ghraib and alleged violations arising from the Israel–Hamas conflict. The discussion encouraged participants to critically assess the evolving nature of armed conflict, international criminal responsibility, and the practical limitations of existing legal frameworks.